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Acquired growth hormone (GH)deficiency is characterized by weight gain, increased fat mass and decreased lean body mass.

The increased fat mass is found to be distributed in the trunk of the body, thereby increasing the waist:hip ratio. In addition, triglyceride levels are increased and HDL levels decreased, which may partly explain the observation of increased vascular wall thickness in this population. These factors all likely contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular mortality seen in patients with GH deficiency.

Muscle mass and muscle strength are diminished in GH-deficient patients. In the heart, these changes are manifested by physiological changes as well as decreased cardiac output. Such abnormalities may contribute to the striking decline in exercise capacity in this population. Bone density is also known to be reduced in the GH-deficient patient.

Finally, patients with GH deficiency appear to have impaired psychological well being such as lack of concentration and memory impairment. Studies have also shown that GH deficiency patients demonstrate reduced vitality, fatigue, social isolation and depression.

Recent studies indicate that many of the metabolic and psychological abnormalities associated with GH deficiency can be reversed with GH replacement, even at low doses which are not associated with siginificant side effects.
GH therapy results in profound changes in body composition: fat mass is reduced while lean body mass increases. The improvement in lean body mass is associated with increased protein synthesis, muscle mass and muscle function. Total body fat mass also decreases after 6 months of GH administration. The decline in fat mass is most significant in visceral and trunk locations as compared to the arms, neck and legs, suggesting that GH replacement therapy will reverse the truncal redistribution of fat mass associated with GH deficiency and impact on cardiovascular risk.

For more information please do not hesitate to read  some of the numerous references  or make an appointment with
Dr. Andrew Wojcicki for further explanation.

References for your perusal.

1. Raben MS: Clinical uses of human growth hormone. N England J Med 266:82-    86, 1992

2. Besson A, Salemi S, Gallati S, et al: Reduced longevity in untreated patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinology Metab 88:3664-3667, 2003

3.  Beshyah SA, Henderson A, Nithayanathan R, et al: Metabolic abnormalities in growth hormone deficient adults: Carbohydrate tolerance and lipid metabolism. Endocrnol Metab 1:173-180, 1994

4. CuneoRC, Salonon F, Wiles CM, at al: browth hormone tretament of growth hormone deficient adults, I: Effects on muscle mass and strength. J Appl Physiol 70:688-694, 1991.

5. Merola B, Cittadini A, Coloa A, et al: cardiac structural and functional abnormalities in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77: 1658-1661, 1993.

6. McGauley GA, Cuneo RC, SalomonFC, Sonksen PH: Psychological wellbeing before and after growth hormon treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Horm Res 33(Supp):52-54, 1990.

7.Rosilio M, Blum WF, Edwards DJ, et al: Long term improvement of qualiity of life during growth hormone(GH) replacement therapy in adults with GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:1684-1693,2004.

8. Rudman D: Growth hormone, body composition and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 33:800-807, 1985.

9. Sesmilo G, Biller BM, Llevadot J, et al: Effects of growth hormone administration on inglammatory and other cardiovascular risk markers in men with growth hormone deficiency. Arandomized controlled clinical trial. Ann Intrn Med 133:111-122, 2000.

10. Johannson G, Grimby B, Sunnerhagen KS, Bengtsson BA: Two years of growth hormone (GH) treatment increse isometric and isokinetic muscle strength in GH-deficiency adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:2877-2884, 1997.

11. Wolthers T, Hoffman DM, Nugent AG, et al: Oral estrogen therapy impairs effects of growth hormone (GH) in GH deficient women. Am J Physiol 281:E1191-E1196, 2001.

12. De Boer H, Blok GH, Popp-Snijders C, et al: Monitoring of growth hormone replacement therapy in adult based on measurement of serum markers. J Clin Endocrinol metab 80:2069=2076, 1996.

13.Hwu CM, Kwok CF, Lai TY, et Al: Growth hormone replacement reduces total body  fat and normalises insulin sensitivity in GH-deficiency adults: A report of one-year clinical experience. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:3285, 1997.

14. Growth Hormone Research Society Consesus: Critical evaluation of safety of recombinant human growth hormone administration: Statement from the Growth Hormone Society. J Clin Endocrin Metab 86:1868-1870, 2000.